Frostbite Prevention & Safety
Frostbite occurs when the body becomes very cold and ice crystals form in the spaces surrounding body cells. As the cells freeze, tissue becomes damaged. The hands, ears, nose and cheeks are the main areas affected by frostbite. Wind speed can greatly increase damage and is not always obvious when looking at the temperature.
Degrees of Frostbite
Frostbite can be measured in degrees of seriousness just as standard heat burns are. Here are some symptoms and results of frostbite.
| First Degree Frostbite |
| Skin is red in appearance |
| Temporary tenderness will be present |
| Damage likely not permanent |
| Second Degree Frostbite |
| Skin is red and painful |
| Blisters and nerve damage can occur |
| Can result in permanent hypersensitivity to cold |
| Might increase the risk of future frostbite |
| Third Degree Frostbite |
| Tissue death occurs |
| Requires skin grafting or amputation |
Preventing & Treating Frostbite
You should see a doctor concerning any frostbite beyond simple chilling of the outer skin. Use these guidelines and tips to reduce the risk of complications for minor frostbite and slow the freezing process.
- Do not rub affected area
- Do not walk on frostbitten feet or use frostbitten area
- Immerse area for 20-45 minutes in tepid, but NOT HOT water
- Do not use salves or ointments
- Protect area from refreezing
- Seek medical assistance immediately!
