Sneezes and Sniffles: Is it a Cold or Allergies?

You might find yourself closing the windows even when it’s spring or fall. You want to keep pollen out, even when fresh air is delicious. You’re not alone: Almost 25% of Americans test positive for pollen allergies.

Ragweed is a leading cause of those runny noses, stinging eyes and other issues.

“Since symptoms overlap, it can be hard to determine if allergies, colds or COVID are the cause,” said physician Kimberly Hanssen, DO, Avera Medical Group Tea.

Hanssen said knowledge on causes and differences can help.

“COVID is a virus, and viruses are at the root of most colds, too,” she said. Seasonal allergies are not linked to viruses.

“Our immune systems respond to pollen, from trees and grass, as well as dust,” Hanssen said. Looking at symptoms, she said:

• Allergies almost always produce itchy eyes and nose, sneezing and a stuffy feeling.
• Allergies almost never lead to headache, sore throat or digestive issues like nausea.
• Allergies can occasionally come with loss of taste/smell, cough or tiredness.

In any case, when you have doubts, getting a COVID-19 test is a great next step.

Understanding the Most Common Allergens

Trees, weeds and grasses release pollen, especially when seasons change. They do it to fertilize other plants, yet the air carrying these tiny pieces of plant can affect people and sometimes trigger allergic reactions.

“Pollen is normally harmless,” said Hanssen. “It floats hundreds of miles through the air and right into cities like Sioux Falls, yet it can lead to irritation.”

Mold is another seasonal allergy. When soil starts to thaw, it can pop up and lead to annoying signs like sniffles, red eyes and other cold-like symptoms.

“During spring planting and fall harvest, dirt is broken up into the air, and that’s what leads to sinus and allergy problems,” she said. “It’s easy to misinterpret symptoms as a cold. Remember, allergy symptoms usually do not last as long.”

A cold will stick around over a period of time, even if you’ve used medicine. Usually, allergy meds will help make your eyes less watery or your sneezing seems to subside.

When to See a Provider

Hanssen said that most people – more than half – who suffer in spring due to a cold or allergies don’t do anything. But a provider can help you treat minor symptoms and can refer you to an allergist for persistent symptoms.

“Those treatments need an early start,” she said. “Too many allergy sufferers wait until symptoms start showing up.” Act sooner so you can make the most of spring.

Some common options include:

• Antihistamines like Claritin or Zyrtec or decongestants like Sudafed (to treat runny nose, itchy throat and eyes)
• Nasal steroids such as Flonase
• Go outside when pollen is low (peak times are the mornings and on windy days)
• Try holistic remedies, including essential oils for symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose and itchy eyes
• Allergy shots (by referral to board-certified allergist)

Allergy shots don’t work for everyone — about 20% experience no improvement — but over time, they help.

Talk to a primary care physician for help with colds, flu, allergies or other issues.