Creatine is one of the most popular strength-enhancing supplements used among athletes. It’s one of the most researched supplements and is considered safe for adults. For parents wondering if their teens should be taking this supplement, the research in adolescents is still developing.
Some newer position statements suggest creatine may be appropriate for older adolescents involved in serious training programs when supervised by a health care professional and when nutrition, sleep and training are already optimized.
Most young athletes will see the greatest performance benefits by focusing first on training, recovery, hydration, and adequate calorie and protein intake.
As a dietitian specializing in sports medicine, here’s my best advice for teens and parents.
What is Creatine?
Creatine is an amino acid that is found in the muscles and brain. It is naturally produced by the liver, pancreas and kidneys. We also get some from seafood and meats. Creatine is stored in the body as phosphocreatine and is used for energy. This energy system is used for quick explosive movements (sprints, jumps, lifting weights).
Creatine supplementation may benefit high-intensity athletic performance by increasing phosphocreatine stores in muscles and prolong quick, explosive movements. Creatine may also increase lean body mass and strength when combined with resistance training.
What Should Teens Focus On?
Before considering supplements, young athletes should focus on the basics that support performance and muscle development. This includes:
- Eating enough calories throughout the day
- Prioritizing balanced meals with protein, carbohydrates and healthy fats
- Staying well hydrated
- Getting adequate sleep
Aim to incorporate in your meals:
- About 20–30 grams of protein, including eggs, Greek yogurt, milk, chicken, lean beef, cottage cheese, beans or lentils
- Carbohydrates like oatmeal, rice, potatoes, fruit and whole grain breads
Carbohydrates are also important because they provide the energy needed for training and competition.
Who Should Take Creatine?
Males and females can take creatine. Individuals who have seen the benefits of taking creatine do sports that need quick bursts of energy such as sprinting, football or weights.
Does it Matter What I Buy?
When purchasing creatine make sure it’s a high-quality product in the creatine monohydrate form and has been tested by a third party to make sure it’s safe. Typical dosing is 3-5g/day.
When athletes consistently fuel their bodies with nutritious foods, hydrate well, and prioritize recovery, they often see improvements in strength, performance, and overall health without the need for supplements.
If you do decide to start taking creatine, make sure you are working with a trained medical provider who knows the correct dosage. As always, prioritize whole foods and talk with your dietitian before starting any supplements.
Anna Heronimus, RD, LN, is an Avera Sports Dietitian with the Avera Human Performance Center
