Are you ready to trade your sweaters for a fan? Do you have a shorter fuse? Is a good night’s sleep only a dream? Or maybe you just don’t feel like yourself.
Vague symptoms like these are what women’s providers often hear from their patients who are entering the time of life known as perimenopause and menopause.
What Are Perimenopause and Menopause?
Perimenopause is defined as the years leading up to cessation of menstrual periods, and it usually begins in your 40s, but can happen earlier or later. “When you actually stop having periods and they have stopped for at least 12 months, you’ve gone through menopause, marking the end of your reproductive years,” said Heidi Vogel, PA-C with Avera Obstetrics & Gynecology. On average, that happens around age 51.
“Perimenopause can be absolute hormonal chaos,” said Annie Siewert, MD, Avera OB/GYN specialist. Symptoms are many and varied, but they all stem from changing hormone levels.
As a newborn and even as a fetus, a female has all the egg follicles in her ovaries that she’ll ever have. At puberty, eggs number around 300,000, and they decrease from that time on.
“Once we get to perimenopause, we have fewer of those powerful follicles, which release hormones that support the process of ovulation and possible pregnancy,” Siewert said. Fluctuations happen because some months, a robust follicle releases hormones. Other months, the follicle may be “wimpy,” with less hormone release.
Symptoms of Perimenopause and Menopause
Perimenopause symptoms may include:
- Changing periods: less predictable cycles that might happen every two weeks or every other month; bleeding might be heavier or lighter
- Hot flashes: a sudden intense feeling of heat that may be accompanied by sweating and flushed skin; might be triggered by emotional stress or come on unexpectedly anytime of the day or night
- Trouble sleeping: either getting to sleep or staying asleep. “Progesterone is one of the first hormones that starts to decrease, and that impacts sleep,” Siewert said.
- Mood changes: anxiety, depression or irritability; feeling like you have a shorter fuse or you can’t handle stress the way you could in the past
- Decreasing sex drive and vaginal dryness
- Heart palpitations
- Joint pain: more pain in your shoulders, hips and knees
“A symptom women don’t want to talk about is irritability or even rage. You can go from the most pleasant person on the planet to feeling intense anger. It’s something that brings people a lot of guilt,” Siewert said.
“The oddest symptoms I’ve heard are itchy ears and itchy eyes. But we hear it and it’s documented,” Siewert added.
“Symptoms might actually improve when a woman reaches menopause because hormone levels – while lower – will stabilize,” Vogel said.
Talking over your history of symptoms with your provider is the best way to identify that you’re in perimenopause. “There’s no blood test to check for sure,” Siewert said. While there are tests for hormone levels, results can vary depending on the point in a woman’s cycle when the test is taken. Hormone levels vary greatly even day to day, so hormonal testing is not very reliable. Your constellation of symptoms is most important.
Treatment Is Individual
Some women breeze through this time in life, yet others experience more intense symptoms that impact quality of life.
Treatment is individual and depends on your biggest concerns.
Hormonal medications can make a big difference and still be safe in terms of cancer risk; that topic will be addressed in a later article in this series.
“Because every woman is different, solutions are varied, too. It begins with a conversation with your primary care provider or OB/GYN,” Siewert said.
Avoid reaching for over-the-counter solutions as your own private quest. “If you’re desperate to feel better you may be willing to try a lot of different things, but what we want is proven therapies and evidence-based medicine,” Vogel said.
You don’t have to “tough it out” because it’s part of life. Women have a lot going on in their lives – career, marriage, parenting of teens or young adults, and aging parents. “It’s hard to function well if you don’t feel good or you’re not sleeping well,” Siewert said. “Be persistent, ask a lot of questions, and talk with your provider to find solutions that work well for you.”
Read More
This is the first in a series about women’s health before and after menopause. Watch for a new feature each month on topics including hormone therapy, sexual effects, exercise, nutrition, weight loss, mood, sleep, bone loss and more.
