Genetic Counseling for Cancer
Just like DNA, each person's cancer is unique. The cause of cancer can be due to genetic mutations (changes in a gene). Most of these genetic changes happen after birth and are due to aging and environmental exposure among other factors. They are not hereditary and cannot affect family members. Some people have a genetic mutation that is inherited, meaning it came from a parent and can be passed to a child. This type of inherited genetic change can increase a person's chance to develop certain types of cancer.
Hereditary genetic testing is one way to learn more about the chances of developing cancer. This can help some people determine the best options to prevent cancer or catch cancer at its earliest stages. For example, you could start screenings at younger ages or have them done more often. This type of genetic testing can also provide information to family members.
Common examples include mutations of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, which cause a higher risk for breast and ovarian cancers – and gene mutations for Lynch syndrome, which predisposes people to colon and endometrial cancers.
Family Medical History
Talking with a genetic counselor about genetic testing and your family's cancer history helps determine if testing is right for you. They can help you understand your risks and screening options.
DNA and Genetics Basics
DNA is the material that makes up each of our genes. Genes are the blueprint for our bodies. Learn more about DNA, genes, the human genome and why DNA sequencing is important.
Who Should Get Genetic Counseling?
Your provider may suggest talking to a genetic counselor if your personal or family history includes any of the following:
- Multiple family members with the same or related types of cancers
- Person with more than one cancer
- Cancer that occurs at an early age (under 50 years old)
- Several colon polyps
- Rare cancers, such as male breast cancer, medullary thyroid cancer or ovarian cancer
- Family history of a known gene mutation (including BRCA1 and MLH1)
- Jewish ancestry and family history of breast, pancreatic, prostate or ovarian cancer (certain ethnicities have higher frequencies of certain genetic disorders)
