pregnant brunette woman at her prenatal checkup getting her blood pressure checked

Prenatal Care

Learn more about common and abnormal discomforts during pregnancy, why they occur and how you can find relief at regular prenatal visits.

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Your pregnancy journey week by week all adds up to the big moment in the delivery room. As your little one develops, you can expect to feel a lot of changes in your body. Changes are a normal part of pregnancy, but some may feel uncomfortable.

Abnormal changes can occur when found with other signs and symptoms. That’s why regular prenatal visits and screenings are important in case anything goes wrong or doesn’t feel quite right. If anything feels unusual to you during your pregnancy, always notify your provider to get the care you need.

Along with prenatal appointments, maternal health education, advanced ultrasound screenings and prenatal diagnostic testing are available to patients. Receive the best care available throughout the entire process to stay healthy for you and your baby.

Guiding You Through Each Trimester

Some symptoms are common, like morning sickness in the first trimester, while others may warrant immediate attention from your provider. Keep in mind that every pregnancy is different. Your early signs may differ than what someone you know may have experienced.

First Trimester

Duration: 1-14 weeks (98 days)

Common symptoms:

  • Aches in the muscles of the back, hips and thighs
  • Bleeding/spotting
  • Intensified emotions due to swirl of hormones
  • Fatigue
  • Frequent urination and/or constipation
  • Ligament pain along front of abdomen and pelvis
  • Nausea and vomiting (morning sickness)
  • Tender or swollen breasts and/or nipples

Second Trimester

Duration: 14-27 weeks (189 days)

Common symptoms:

  • Aches in the muscles of the back, hips and thighs
  • Fatigue
  • Frequent urination and/or constipation
  • Gastrointestinal issues (acid reflux, heartburn)
  • Ligament pain along front of abdomen and pelvis
  • Skin changes (pigmentation, acne, dryness, itchiness)
  • Visible baby bump (around 16 weeks)

Third Trimester

Duration: 27-40 weeks (280 days)

Common symptoms:

  • Aches in the muscles of the back, hips and thighs
  • Braxton Hicks contractions
  • Fatigue
  • Gastrointestinal issues (acid reflux, heartburn)
  • Frequent urination, swelling and constipation
  • Muscle soreness in your back, pelvis and legs
  • Sleeping problems
  • Skin and vein changes
  • True labor contractions

Abnormal Symptoms

If you notice a significant change or these abnormal symptoms are present, please call your provider:

  • Blurred vision or spots in front of the eyes
  • Far less or no fetal movement
  • Fever or headache that doesn’t go away
  • Pain in the upper right section of the stomach
  • Nausea and vomiting in the third trimester
  • Skin rashes in your second trimester
  • Sudden weight gain (more than a pound a day)
  • Swelling of the hands, feet/ankles and face
  • True labor contractions that become stronger and more frequent
  • Watery discharge or vaginal bleeding
  • When something feels wrong

Prenatal Checkups for Expectant Moms

Before labor and delivery, specialists in maternal fetal medicine (perinatology), obstetrics and prenatal care can help you prepare with screenings, ultrasounds and ongoing guidance and education, especially in high-risk pregnancies.

Pregnancy Complications

  • Abnormal prenatal screen or test
  • Aneuploidy (chromosomal abnormalities)
  • Diabetes (gestational, type 1 and 2)
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Expecting more than on ebaby
  • Genetic diseases like muscular dystrophy and fragile X syndrome (FXS)
  • High blood pressure and hypertension
  • History of infant loss, stillbirth and miscarriage
  • Known or expected congenital disorders (birth defects)
  • Preeclampsia
  • Pregnancy over age 35
  • Preterm labor
  • History of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
  • Teratogen exposure during pregnancy

Prenatal Genetic Testing

Prenatal genetic testing and counseling is worth considering if you are concerned about inherited genetic disorders or wish to be proactive before starting or expanding your family. You’ll learn about:

  • Carrier status for a range of health concerns in your family
  • Genetic diseases like muscular dystrophy and Fragile X syndrome
  • Options to manage, prevent or reduce the effects of genetic disorders
  • Preparing for test results and potential special needs in children
  • Prenatal and high-risk pregnancy care services to help
  • Risk of your pregnancy being affected by a genetic disorder

When to Notify Your Provider

Every pregnancy is different. Please call your provider or go to the hospital if you have any of these warning signs:

  • Bleeding from vagina (other than bloody mucus or spotting)
  • Contractions happening five minutes apart for one hour
  • Constant, severe pain with no relief between contractions
  • Far less or no fetal movement happening
  • Leaks or water breaks even if you are not having contractions

Factors Shaping Child Health

The Environmental Influence on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) study will help shape the way prenatal babies, newborns, children and moms receive care in the future. Avera is one of only 35 nationwide cohorts chosen to participate in ECHO, a national research program to study child and adolescent health by looking at a broad range of environmental influences.

Expecting mothers may be eligible to participate in a clinical study with Avera Research Institute.

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Prenatal Genetic Options FAQ

From conception to delivery, it’s natural to have many questions during your pregnancy journey. Your provider is your most reliable source for answers. Explore frequently asked questions to learn more.

When should I consider prenatal genetic testing?

If any of the following apply to you, your doctor may suggest you see a genetic counselor:

  • Abnormal prenatal screening or test
  • Pregnancy over age 35
  • At an increased risk of complications or birth defects
  • Concerned about findings from prenatal ultrasound
  • Family history of a genetic condition
  • Diabetes, poor nutrition or high blood sugar
  • Pregnancy following the birth of a child with a genetic condition
  • Take a medication or use recreational drugs

How do I benefit from genetic counseling?

You’ll be better equipped to:

  • Experience peace of mind if testing is normal
  • Determine the healthiest choices for you and your family
  • Make informed decisions regarding testing options
  • Prepare for the arrival of your child
  • Understand how to meet your child’s medical needs

What types of prenatal testing options are available?

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) at 10 to 22 weeks is a screening test that looks at the baby's DNA, which is present in your blood, and can help identify abnormalities and problems with the sex chromosomes.

First and second trimester screening tests are also options. If a screening detects increased risk for a birth defect, other testing may be offered, including an ultrasound, amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.


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By Your Side Before, During & After Baby Arrives

Trust our compassionate providers to help you navigate pregnancy, from conception to labor and delivery, as well as parenting support. Schedule an appointment at an Avera clinic in your town and visit with your doctor.

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